{"id":1466,"date":"2025-06-03T07:51:02","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T07:51:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.urjc2030.es\/oiaa\/?p=1466"},"modified":"2025-06-03T07:51:02","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T07:51:02","slug":"impact-of-dog-assisted-therapy-on-biomechanical-and-functional-parameters-in-adults-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-a-non-randomized-controlled-trial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.urjc2030.es\/oiaa\/impact-of-dog-assisted-therapy-on-biomechanical-and-functional-parameters-in-adults-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-a-non-randomized-controlled-trial\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact of dog-assisted therapy on biomechanical and functional parameters in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A non-randomized controlled trial"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"sciencedirect.com\"<\/a>Abstract<\/h2>\n
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Dog-assisted therapy (DAT) is a complementary therapy that can lead to several therapeutic benefits in different populations, but little investigation has been made about its benefits in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, the present study aimed to explore the biomechanical and functional benefits of DAT in adults with ASD. The study was a non-randomized controlled clinical trial following the CONSORT guidelines, in which 25 adults with ASD participated. Twelve of them were involved in a dog-assisted intervention twice a week with a multidisciplinary team for 10\u00a0weeks. Results showed a within-group improvement in the gait (p<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a00.041), balance (p<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a00.020) and risk of falling (p<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a00.022) of adults with ASD who completed dog-assisted intervention. However, no differences were found with the control group. Regarding the number of falls, all the adults who experienced a fall before de DAT decreased its number after the intervention. These results suggest the potential of DAT to address physical problems in groups of patients with difficulties or severe disabilities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Introduction<\/h2>\n
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In the last 20\u00a0years, there has been a notable increase in the interest surrounding the incorporation of animal-assisted interventions in healthcare settings. A growing body of literature has shown the diverse advantages of human-animal interactions. Notably, dog-assisted therapy (DAT) programs have garnered attention for their potential to enhance both physical and psychological well-being (Grove et al., 2021; Parra et al., 2021). While the emotional and mental health benefits of these programs are well-established, there exists a notable gap in the scientific literature concerning the potential effects of DAT on physical and health effects.<\/div>\n
Among these interventions, DAT programs have emerged as a relevant alternative for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Beavers et al., 2023; O’Haire et al., 2015). DAT appears to positively impact many social-emotional factors like social communication or social motivation (Ben-Itzchak & Zachor, 2021; Fung & Leung, 2014) as well as either patient-reported or caregiver-reported quality of life (Fung & Leung, 2014). Moreover, DAT seems to be effective in improving executive functioning, responsibility, and goal attainment of persons with ASD (Hill et al., 2020). Recent studies suggest that the positive effects of these therapies might be explained by the physiological impact of human-dog interaction, which has been associated with mood enhancement through increased oxytocin levels and decreased concentrations of stress-related hormones such as epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol (Menna et al., 2019; Wijker et al., 2021). However, most of the literature investigations have been performed with children or youths with ASD but there is very little evidence of its effectiveness in adults (Lei et al., 2024).<\/div>\n
In this regard, adults with ASD often face challenges related to motor coordination, sensory integration, social communication, and mental health (Bell et al., 2019; Fusar-Poli et al., 2022; Hand et al., 2019). In this way, individuals with ASD commonly exhibit gait disturbances, including increased stride width, reduced gait speed, and lower capacity to attenuate trunk-to-head oscillations during locomotion (Lum et al., 2021). Consequently, these individuals with ASD often show greater postural sway during static posture, less coordination in dynamic actions, poorer balance and higher risk of falling compared to neurotypical individuals (Qu et al., 2025). The multifaceted nature of ASD needs comprehensive therapeutic approaches that extend beyond traditional methodologies (Howlin, 2021). In this way, DAT may be a feasible and relevant strategy for adults with ASD, reporting enhancements in self-awareness, happiness, a sense of calm, and increased physical interaction (Wijker et al., 2019). In addition, the investigation performed with youths and adults by Morales-Moreno et al. (Morales-Moreno et al., 2020) reported significant improvements in the establishment of behaviors, social relations, and expression of emotions, motivation, and concentration (Morales-Moreno et al., 2020). Another recent study focused on DAT in adults with ASD reached positive effects on the secure body, self-esteem and spontaneous dog-touching (Wijker et al., 2020a) together with significant cortisol level reductions that reflect acute stress decrease (Wijker et al., 2021).<\/div>\n
DAT presents a promising strategy for addressing the unique needs of adults with ASD, as the presence of a therapy dog may serve as a facilitator for engagement, social interaction, and sensory integration (Wijker et al., 2019). Furthermore, although animal-assisted interventions are not typically designed as physical activity programs, they often require active engagement and movement from participants, which may result in physical health benefits (Sylvia et al., 2024). However, there is a notable gap in the scientific literature regarding the impact of a DAT on physical function variables like biomechanics, balance, and fall risk within this specific population. Therefore, based on the evidence presented, there is a clear need to implement and further investigate the effect of a DAT in people with autism on physical parameters, which are often severely impaired in this population (Fears et al., 2023; Memari et al., 2014). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of DAT on the motor challenges of adults with ASD and its impact on their functional independence. In this way, the investigation aimed to analyse the effects of DAT on the biomechanics, function and risk of falls of adults with ASD.<\/div>\n
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Section snippets<\/h2>\n
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Methods<\/h2>\n
The current research was a non-randomized controlled clinical study conducted at two autism centers in the community of Madrid. The study development followed the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010) and before its beginning, it obtained positive approval from the ethics committee of Rey Juan Carlos University (identification number: 1901202103121) and the University of Extremadura (register ID: 42\/\/2021). Additionally, the research was<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Results<\/h2>\n
In total, as can be shown in Fig. 1, the study included 25 adults with autism, 10 women and 15 men. However, the final analyses differed from the initial number of participants due to certain COVID-19 limitations that did not permit the evaluation of all participants. The mean age of the participants was 43.84 with a standard deviation of 5.66 ranging from 36 to 57\u00a0years. More specifically, the mean age of the DATG was 46.83 (5.22) and 41.08 (4.68) years in the CG.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Discussion<\/h2>\n
The present study aimed to analyse the effects of DAT on different aspects related to daily functioning among institutionalised adults with ASD. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate its effects on physical function, biomechanical parameters, gait performance, balance and risk of falls. In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the prevalence and incidence of ASD attributed to the advancements in diagnostic capabilities, therapeutic interventions and increased life expectancy among<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Conclusions<\/h2>\n
Given the limited literature on the effects of animal-assisted therapy in adults with ASD, the current study revealed novel benefits of DAT. The results stated within-group enhancements in biomechanical and functional parameters, specifically, in gait, balance and a risk of falls. Despite these positive trends, comparative analysis with the control group did not reach statistically significant differences. Furthermore, the reduction in the incidence of falls observed among participants post-DAT<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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CRediT authorship contribution statement<\/h2>\n
Javier Fern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1nchez:<\/strong> Writing \u2013 original draft, Software, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation. Ana Myriam Lav\u00edn-P\u00e9rez:<\/strong> Writing \u2013 original draft, Software, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis. Luis Lucio Lobato Rinc\u00f3n:<\/strong> Validation, Resources, Data curation. Israel Gonz\u00e1lez Garc\u00eda:<\/strong> Project administration, Investigation, Conceptualization. Javier Vallejo Bermejo:<\/strong>Resources, Methodology, Investigation. Juan Carlos Rueda:<\/strong> Validation, Resources, Investigation. Paloma Esteban<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Funding<\/h2>\n
J.F-S. is supported by the INVESTIGO Program for the recruitment of young people, within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan of the Ministry of Labor and Social Economy of the Government of Spain, funded by the European Union<\/span>-NextGeneration EU.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Declaration of competing interest<\/h2>\n
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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VER PUBLICACI\u00d3N<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abstract Dog-assisted therapy (DAT) is a complementary therapy that can lead to several therapeutic benefits in different populations, but little investigation has been made about its benefits in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, the present study aimed to explore the biomechanical and functional benefits of DAT in adults with ASD. The study was […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":1468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investigacion-oiaa"],"yoast_head":"\nImpact of dog-assisted therapy on biomechanical and functional parameters in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A non-randomized controlled trial - Oficina de Intervenci\u00f3n Asistida con Animales<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.urjc2030.es\/oiaa\/impact-of-dog-assisted-therapy-on-biomechanical-and-functional-parameters-in-adults-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-a-non-randomized-controlled-trial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Impact of dog-assisted therapy on biomechanical and functional parameters in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A non-randomized controlled trial - Oficina de Intervenci\u00f3n Asistida con Animales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abstract Dog-assisted therapy (DAT) is a complementary therapy that can lead to several therapeutic benefits in different populations, but little investigation has been made about its benefits in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 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